The から / まで (kara / made) Particles

The から / まで (kara / made) Particles
「から」 means "from" and 「まで」 means "until"—together, they express ranges in time, place, and more. This guide breaks down how to use them naturally and fluently.

The particles 「から」 and 「まで」 are essential for expressing starting points, ending points, and ranges in time, space, or quantities. They often appear together to describe a span or interval, but each can be used independently depending on context.

1. What Do 「から」 and 「まで」 Mean?

  • から = "from" or "since"
  • まで = "to," "until," or "up to"

They can describe:

  • Time ranges
  • Locations or physical distances
  • Event sequences or abstract ranges

2. Using 「から」 and 「まで」 with Time

Example 1: Time range

9じから5じまではたらきます
Kuji kara goji made hatarakimasu.
(I work from 9 to 5.)

Example 2: Starting time only

6じからばんごはんです
Rokuji kara bangohan desu.
(Dinner starts at 6.)

Example 3: Ending time only

12じまでべんきょうします
Juuniji made benkyou shimasu.
(I’ll study until 12.)

3. Using 「から」 and 「まで」 with Location

Example: From & To

とうきょうからきょうとまでしんかんせんいきます
Toukyou kara Kyoto made shinkansen de ikimasu.
(I’m going from Tokyo to Kyoto by bullet train.)

Example: From Only

アメリカからきました
Amerika kara kimashita.
(I came from America.)

Example: To Only

かいしゃまでどれくらいかかります
Kaisha made dorekurai kakarimasuka?
(How long does it take to get to work?)

These work similarly to “from” and “to” in English for places.

4. Using 「から」 and 「まで」 with Quantities or Ranges

You’ll often hear「から」 and 「まで」being used when talking about prices, age, sizes, or amounts.

Example: Range

100 えんから 500 えんまでです
Hyakuen kara gohyakuen made desu.
(It ranges from 100 to 500 yen.)

Example: From an Specific Age

ごさいからにゅうじょうできます
Gosai kara nyuujou dekimasu.
(You can get in from age 5.)
Note: You'll probably see this at amusement parks!

おさけはたちから
Osake wa hatachi kara.
(Alcohol is from age 20.)
Note: 20 is the legal age of adulthood in Japan, and you'll see this quote on every alcohol ad or drink!

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5. Using 「から」 to Show a Cause or Reason

Beyond marking a starting point in space or time, 「から」 also functions as a conjunction that means “because.” In this usage, it links two full clauses, with the first clause giving a reason and the second showing the result or action taken because of it.

Example:

さむいからジャケットきました
Samui kara, jaketto o kimashita.
(Because it’s cold, I wore a jacket.)

Here, the reason clause is “さむい” (it’s cold), and 「から」 links it to the outcome “ジャケットきました” (I wore a jacket).

This is fundamentally different from using 「から」 with nouns or time—in this case, it’s not about physical origin, but about logical cause.

Grammar Rules for「から」Used to Show a Cause or Reason

When using 「から」 in this way, it’s attached to the plain form of the verb or adjective:

  • い-adjective:
    おいしいからたくさんたべました
    Oishii kara, takusan tabemashita.
    (Because it’s delicious, I ate a lot.)
  • な-adjective:
    ひまだからテレビみます
    Hima dakara, terebi wo mimasu.
    (Because I’m free, I’ll watch TV.)
  • Noun + だ:
    にほんじんだからはしじょうずです
    Nihonjin dakara, hashi ga jouzu desu.
    (Because he’s Japanese, he’s good at using chopsticks.)
  • Verb (plain form):
    つかれたからねます
    Tsukareta kara, nemasu.
    (Because I’m tired, I’ll sleep.)

だから」: The Standalone Form

When a reason is expressed first, followed by a separate sentence, we often use 「だから」 at the beginning of the second sentence. It literally means “That’s why” or “So.”

Example:

テストむずかしかっただからみんなきなかった

Tesuto ga muzukashikatta. Dakara, minna dekinakatta.
The test was hard. So, nobody could do it.

This makes it a useful transition in spoken or informal written Japanese.

Fun Note: You might see a drink called "DAKARA" in a convenience store. We think it's called that because it has a bunch of nutrients, and "that's why" it's a good drink. Good job, Suntory.

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6. Common Mistakes with 「から」 and 「まで

Mistake 1: Reversing the order

Incorrect: 7じまで3じから
Correct: 3じから7じまで (From 3 to 7)

Mistake 2: Using 「から」+「から

Incorrect: にほんからアメリカからきました
Correct: にほんからアメリカきました
(From Japan, I came to the U.S.)

7. How 「から」 and 「まで」 Appear in Daily Expressions

いまから:From now

Example:
いまからいきます
Ima kara ikimasu!
(I’ll go from now / I’m heading out now!)

ここから:From here

Example:
ここからどういけばいい
Koko kara dou ikeba ii?
(How should I go from here?)

あしたから:Starting tomorrow

Example:
きょうはつかれたからあしたからします
Kyou wa tsukareta kara, ashita kara ni shimasu.
(I’m tired today, so I’ll start from tomorrow.)

ずっとまえから:Since way back

Example:
ずっとまえからすきでした…!
Zutto mae kara suki deshita...!
(I’ve liked you since a long time ago…!)

まで:By (a deadline) → special usage of 「まで」 + 「

Example:
ごご5じまでていしゅつしてください
Gogo go-ji made ni teishutsu shite kudasai.
(Please submit it by 5 PM.)

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